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Clear filtersProps are read-only inputs passed from a parent component, while state is data a component owns and can change over time, which triggers a re-render when updated.
A controlled component keeps the input's value in React state and updates it through onChange, while an uncontrolled component lets the DOM hold the value and you read it with a ref when needed.
Prop drilling is passing props through several layers of components that do not use them just to reach a deeply nested child; you avoid it with composition, the Context API or a state management library.
Updating state triggers a re-render, while changing a ref's .current value does not; use state for data shown on screen and refs for DOM access or values that must persist without causing renders.